Febrile Convulsions in Children
Overview
Febrile convulsions are seizures that can occur in children with high temperatures. They are typically seen in children between 6 months and 6 years old.
Causes
- Febrile Illnesses: Febrile convulsions often accompany illnesses causing high temperatures, such as flu or ear infections.
- Vaccinations: Convulsions may occur 8 - 14 days after certain vaccinations, though they are more commonly associated with the measles virus itself.
Symptoms
- Appearance: Hot and flushed skin, dazed or confused, may lose consciousness.
- Muscle Symptoms: Muscle tightening, twitching, shaking, arching of the back, clenched fists.
- Other Symptoms: May stop breathing briefly, loss of bladder or bowel control, sweating.
Patient Care
- Safety Measures: Place the child on a flat surface, clear the area around them, and pad with towels to prevent injury.
- Loosen Clothing: Ensure clothing is loose, especially around the neck.
- Do Not Restrict: Do not restrain the child's movements.
- Protect Airways: Do not insert anything into the mouth; clear vomit or food from the vicinity.
- Cooling: Cool the room, loosen clothing, but do not sponge or bathe the child.
- Recovery Position: Place the child in the recovery position.
- Medication: Administer paracetamol as directed to lower temperature; avoid ibuprofen for children under six months.
- Monitor Vital Signs: Keep track of the child's vital signs and report any concerns to a doctor.
Emergency Action
Activate emergency medical services (EMS) if:
- The child's condition does not improve after the convulsion.
- The seizure is focused on one part of the body.
- Breathing difficulties occur or the seizure lasts more than 15 minutes.
- Another seizure follows shortly after the first.